Вивчення динаміки зміни характеристик снігового покриву в районі Чорногірського хребта Карпат, як фактора, що забезпечує рівень води у р. Прут

Abstract

У роботі розглянуто дослідження дінаміки зміни снігового покриву в районі Чорногірського хребта Карпат де знаходяться витоки річки Прут, що забезпечує питною водою місто Чернівці та інші міста України. У забраних пробах води визначали колі-індекс і колі-титр. Використовувалися дані спостережень сніголавинної станції "Пожежевська" на протязі 2003-2015 років. За результатами досліджень зроблені висновки про стан снігового живлення р. Прут та якість води у верхів'ях р. Прут.

Изложены результаты исследования динамики изменения снежного покрова в районе Черногорского хребта Карпат где находятся истоки реки Прут, который обеспечивает питьевой водой город Черновцы и другие города Запада Украины. Проводился забор проб воды с целью определения коли-индекса и коли-титра.

A snow-cover influences on forming of spring supplies of moisture in soil, and also thermal mode of soil and ground layer of air. Headwaters of the r. Prut which are the source of drinking-water of city Chernivci, are on carpatians Chernogirsky mountain-range. On Chernogirsky mountain-range snow lies from October for May, that is why a water level in the river substantially depends on the height of snow-cover. It in same queue influences on the water-supply of city Chernivci and health of habitants of city. Basic descriptions of snow-cover is his height and closeness, stocked water in snow and degree of covering by snow of circumferential localities. The purpose of work was a study of dynamics of change of height of snow on the Pozhizhevskiy mountain valley. A task was put to expect the average annual and average monthly values of height of snow. There used the tables of measurement of snow on a ground before the snowavalanche station on the mountain valley of Pozhezhevskiy in the period of october-may duering 2003-2015 calendar years. Researches were conducted the method of the statistical processing of experimental data. The average annual and average monthly heights of snow settled accounts. Also the maxheights of snow of average settled accounts for to the months and years. The got results show that the height of snow is changeable on years, but on the average remains stable. The maxheight of snow at the snowavalanche station of "Pozhezhevskiy" was observed in 2006 year – 121 sm. A stable snow-cover on the mountain valley of Pozhezhevskiy is set in the middle of October snow mounts in May months. The average monthly maxheights of snow-cover for probed period were observed in March – approximately 67 sm. Researches rotined that water level in the river Prut is supported approximately stable, though is changeable. It enables to assert that drinking-water for a city Chernivci can be supplied only from the river Prut, which can considerably reduce in a price the water-supply of city, and also do him more high-quality, because water of the river Twig on high-quality indexes on the index of contamination belongs to a fewsoil.