Role of pineal hormones functioning in the first trimester of pregnancy with high risks of threatened abortion

Abstract

Introduction. Melatonin is an important endocrine hormone, which synthesized by pinealocytes at night. On the membranes of almost all cells found receptors for this hormone. Due to latest studies, melatonin is called the most powerful natural antioxidant, immunomodulator and regulator of cellular activity and the most important link in the physiology of reproduction and embryology in humans. It has been confirmed that the processes of conception, pregnancy and childbirth directly depend on the rhythm and level of secretion of this hormone. Four enzymes are involved in the synthesis, two of which, serotonin-N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, are highly specific enzymes. Serotonin is not only a neurotransmitter but also a profoundly important medium for cell to cell communication among many cell types during embryogenesis. One of the key mediators of bioelectric control mechanisms is serotonin, and its transporter SERT, which is targeted by broad class of blocker drugs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]). Serotonin generated by the mother is passed on to the developing embryo through placental uptake and transport.