On the issue of sanitary and hygienic condition of the river network of the Pokutsko-Bukovynian Carpathians

Abstract

The sanitary-hygienic and microbiological condition of surface waters of the river network of the Pokutsko-Bukovynian Carpathians is analyzed. As a benchmark for comparing the impact of anthropogenic activities on the state of mountain ecosystems, we have chosen the protected areas of the Vyzhnytskyi National Nature Park (hereinafter NNP), where for more than two decades a specific ecosystem has been formed related to environmental protection. The main risks to the ecological safety of the hydrosphere of the studied region have been identified. Two types of ecological threats have been identified: microbiological pollution of streams and watercourses by domestic effluents and washes of polonyn farms and pollution of the hydrosphere by effluents of processing enterprises. Contamination of surface waters with organic residues is accompanied by a change in their hydrochemical composition and the level of contamination of indicative forms of bacteria. Based on the monitoring studies of the hydrosphere, the main threats were identified and engineering and technical and management solutions were developed to minimize the level of ecological danger of the mountain ecosystem. In order to improve the quality of surface waters of the river network, the use of special structures "ViKa", mounted on the basis of wooden structures of pulp and fibrous carrier "Via", as well as the use of a modified method of obtaining pellets and wood waste from adjacent loggers based on lignin soap. To reduce the inflow of discharges into the river network of alcohol enterprises, in the absence of centralized treatment facilities in the region, the method of waste treatment using a reagent method based on sodium hypochlorite was quite effective. It is shown that one of the ways to reduce the loss of the river network by wood waste may be the creation of facilities for the production of fuel pellets and briquettes in traditional economic landscapes.